The+Psychodynamic

 

=**The Psychodynamic Perspective **= The Psychodynamic perspective is the systematized study and theory of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, emphasizing the interplay between unconscious and conscious motivation.The psychodynamic perspectives are based on inner conflicts and how these conflicts affect our development. Sigmund Freud was the founder of the psychodynamic perspective.  =__Key Figures__ = 

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
**My life is interesting only if is related to psychoanalysis" -Sigmund Freud **. Freud believed that human behavior was motivated by the unconscious conflicts that were almost always sexual or aggressive in nature. According to Freud, glimpses of these unconscious impulses are revealed in everyday life through dreams, memory blocks, slips of the tongue, and spontaneous humor. He believed if the unconscious conflicts became extreme, psychological disorder could result. Freud believed each person possessed a certain amount of psychological energy. This energy evolves to form the three basic structures of personality: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id [Latin for //the it//], the most primitive part of the personality, is entirely unconscious, irrational component of the personality that seeks immediate satisfaction. It is completely immune to logic, values, morality, danger, and the demand of the outside world. The id is ruled by the pleasure principle, the motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension and discomfort. The ego [Latin for //the I//],partly conscious, represents the organized, rational, and planning dimensions of personality. It is the mediator between the id and the superego. The superego, your internal parental voice, evaluates the acceptability of behavior and thoughts, then praises or admonishes.It is the moralistic component of personality.





Anna Freud (1895-1982)
**"We are imprisoned in the realm of life, like a sailor on his tiny boat, on an infinite ocean." -Anna Frued.** Anna Freud was the youngest daughter of Sigmund Freud and the founder of a psychoanalytical school. Expanding on her father's theory, she applied psychoanalysis to therapy with children. She was her father's successor as leader of the international psychoanalysis movement. 

<span style="COLOR: #1f892c; FONT-FAMILY: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif">Carl Jung[1875-1961]
<span style="COLOR: #5bfa52; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif"> **"**  **If one does not understand a person, one tends to regard him as a fool."-Carl Jung.**    Carl Jung was at one time a close friend of Freud and thought to be Freud's successor. He did not agree with the importance of sexuality and aggression. Jung believed that the unconscious was a source of health and vitality instead of pathological forces. Jung's psycholoogy included the ego compromised of the persona and shadow. Persona, or mask, is what a person shows the world while the shadow is what the person hides underneath. The unity of the two Jung called "Self."

<span style="COLOR: #048fae; FONT-FAMILY: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif">Margaret Mahler[1897-1985]
<span style="COLOR: #41c6ec; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif">Mahler's theory focused on the mother/child relationship. She called her theory separation-individual. She believed that mother and child contact is of major importance for the first three years of the child's life. To explain her theory, Mahler used phases from birth to 36 months of age to describe the development of the mother child relationship and the child's overall psychological growth.

<span style="COLOR: #8b40d4; FONT-FAMILY: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif">Erik Erkison[1902-1994] [[image:110.jpg align="left"]]
<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif"> **"** **Children love and want to be loved and they very much prefer the joy of accomplishment to the triumph of hateful failure. Do not mistake a child for his symptom." -Erik Erikson.**  Erik Erikson had a developmental theory. He agreed with the basic ideas of Sigmund Freud's theory. However, Erikson felt that human development occurred throughout the entire life. His eight stages of psychosocial stages are as follows: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs., stagnation, and integrity vs. despair. He believed that each person must finish one stage to move on to the next. Erikson also stated that nature decided the sequence and limits of how nurture could function.

<span style="COLOR: #fc4ad2; FONT-FAMILY: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif">Karen Horney[1885-1952] [[image:image.jpg width="266" height="324" align="left"]]
<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: #fc36ce; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif">** "Like all sciences and all valuations, the psychology of women has hitherto been considered only from the point of view of men." -Karen Horney.** <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: #fc79f1; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif">Karen Horney had several theories. Her first theory, The Theory of Neurotic Needs, was among her most famous. It includes the view that adults have neuroses as a result of some form of abuse during childhood. The theory had three strategies. The first deals the the intial three needs. Those needs are approval and affection, the need of a partner, and the need to have clear and narrow limitations or borders. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif">Her second strategy involves aggression with the fourth through eighth needs. Those needs include the following: power, expolitation, esteem, and success. Horney's final strategy of this theory deals with letting go, or withdrawal. She often reformulated the work of Sigmund Freud and tranformed it to her own because she did not necessarily agree with all of Freud's views. Horney also paved the way for feminine psychology as well as self psychology <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif">.

<span style="COLOR: #2b38ab; FONT-FAMILY: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif">Alfred Adler [1870-1937]
<span style="COLOR: #382cd8; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif">**"It is easier to fight for one's principles than to live up to them."-Alfred Adler.** <span style="COLOR: #1b6dee; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif">Alfred Adler began his work on personality near the same era as Carl Jung and Freud. He also did not agree with all of Freud's work, especially his emphasis on sex. He felt that the drive within each individual was the single force controlling a person's behavior. One of his popular viewpoints was the idea of self-actualization. His theory is entitled Individual Psychology.

<span style="DISPLAY: block; COLOR: #6c2790; FONT-FAMILY: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">__ Mental Illness and Treatment __

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<span style="DISPLAY: block; COLOR: #c377fd; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #ce52e5; FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif">When it comes to mental illnesses the psychodynamic perspective states that the cause is a person's upbringing and environment. Freud first argued that a person's mental illness is embedded in their unconscious conflicts from early childhood. He found his evidence in the analysis of dreams, slips of speech, and free association. Psychodynamic psychologists argue that the unresolved conflicts in the mind causes unbalanced development in the id, ego, and superego. Anxiety disorders can only be identified by studying a person's personality and life experiences. Modern psychodynamic psychologist de-emphasize sexuality and focus more on the individuals relationships with others around them. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif">They believe treatment can be enhanced by delving into the experiences of each individual person's childhood. The treatment of a patient should depend on comprehension of the specific disease, the quality and health of the person, the way psychodynamic facts play into the diagnosis, the patient’s personal identity, and the patient’s optimism towards having successful treatment. =====